Trắc nghiệm tổng hợp tiếng anh lớp 12
Câu hỏi: Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
Those Americans are looking for a place where they can exchange their dollars__________pounds.
-
into
-
to
-
for
-
with
-
into
-
to
-
for
-
with
Câu hỏi: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
-
channel
-
scholar
-
chemist
-
anchor
-
channel
-
scholar
-
chemist
-
anchor
Câu hỏi: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions.
We spend about one-third of our lives sleeping. We know relatively little about sleep.
-
We know relatively little about sleep; as a result, we spend about one-third of our lives sleeping.
-
We shall know more about sleep if we spend more than one-third of our lives sleeping.
-
Despite spending about one-third of our lives sleeping, we know relatively little about sleep.
-
We spend about one-third of our lives sleeping so that we know relatively little about sleep.
-
We know relatively little about sleep; as a result, we spend about one-third of our lives sleeping.
-
We shall know more about sleep if we spend more than one-third of our lives sleeping.
-
Despite spending about one-third of our lives sleeping, we know relatively little about sleep.
-
We spend about one-third of our lives sleeping so that we know relatively little about sleep.
Câu hỏi: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions from 43 to 47.
For many American university students, the weeklong spring break holiday means an endless party on a sunny beach in Florida or Mexico. In Panama City Beach, Florida, a city with a permanent population of around 36,000, more than half a million university students arrive during the month of March to play and party, making it the number one spring break destination in the United States. A weeklong drinking binge is not for anyone, however, and a growing number of American university students have found a way to make spring break matter. For them, joining or leading a group of volunteers to travel locally or internationally and work to show problems such as poverty, homelessness, or environmental damage makes spring break a unique learning experience that university students can feel good about. Students who participate in alternative spring break projects find them very rewarding. While most university students have to get their degrees before they can start helping people, student volunteers are able to help people now. On the other hand, the accommodations are far from glamorous. Students often sleep on the floor of a school or spend the week camping in tents. But students only pay around $250 for meals and transportation, which is much less than some of their peers spend to travel to more traditional spring break hotspots.
Alternative spring break trips appear to be growing in popularity at universities across the United States. Students cite a number of reasons for participating. Some appreciate the opportunity to socialize and meet new friends. Others want to exercise their beliefs about people's obligation to serve humanity and make the world a better place. Whatever their reason, these students have discovered something that gives them rich rewards along with a break from school work.
The word “them” in paragraph 1 refers to a _______.
-
degrees
-
students
-
projects
-
people
TẠM DỊCH:
For many American university students, the weeklong spring break holiday means an endless party on a sunny beach in Florida or Mexico. In Panama City Beach, Florida, a city with a permanent population of around 36,000, more than half a million university students arrive during the month of March to play and party, making it the number one spring break destination in the United States. A weeklong drinking binge is not for anyone, however, and a growing number of American university students have found a way to make spring break matter. For them, joining or leading a group of volunteers to travel locally or internationally and work to show problems such as poverty, homelessness, or environmental damage makes spring break a unique learning experience that university students can feel good about. Students who participate in alternative spring break projects find them very rewarding. While most university students have to get their degrees before they can start helping people, student volunteers are able to help people now. On the other hand, the accommodations are far from glamorous. Students often sleep on the floor of a school or spend the week camping in tents. But students only pay around $250 for meals and transportation, which is much less than some of their peers spend to travel to more traditional spring break hotspots.
Alternative spring break trips appear to be growing in popularity at universities across the United States. Students cite a number of reasons for participating. Some appreciate the opportunity to socialize and meet new friends. Others want to exercise their beliefs about people's obligation to serve humanity and make the world a better place. Whatever their reason, these students have discovered something that gives them rich rewards along with a break from school work.
Đối với nhiều sinh viên đại học Mỹ, kỳ nghỉ xuân kéo dài một tuần đồng nghĩa với một bữa tiệc bất tận trên bãi biển đầy nắng ở Florida hoặc Mexico. Tại Bãi biển Thành phố Panama, Florida, một thành phố với dân số thường trú khoảng 36.000 người, hơn nửa triệu sinh viên đại học đến đây trong tháng 3 để vui chơi và tiệc tùng, khiến nơi đây trở thành điểm đến kỳ nghỉ xuân số một ở Hoa Kỳ. Tuy nhiên, một cuộc nhậu nhẹt kéo dài một tuần không phải dành cho bất kỳ ai, và ngày càng nhiều sinh viên đại học Mỹ đã tìm ra cách để làm kỳ nghỉ xuân có ý nghĩa. Đối với họ, việc tham gia hoặc dẫn một nhóm tình nguyện viên đi du lịch trong nước hoặc quốc tế và làm việc để giải quyết các vấn đề như nghèo đói, vô gia cư hoặc hủy hoại môi trường khiến kỳ nghỉ xuân trở thành một trải nghiệm học tập độc đáo mà sinh viên đại học có thể cảm thấy hài lòng. Những sinh viên tham gia vào các dự án thay thế cho kỳ nghỉ xuân nhận thấy chúng rất bổ ích. Trong khi hầu hết sinh viên đại học phải lấy bằng cấp trước khi có thể bắt đầu giúp đỡ mọi người, thì hiện nay các tình nguyện viên là sinh viên có thể giúp đỡ mọi người. Mặt khác, các chỗ ở không hề hấp dẫn. Sinh viên thường ngủ trên sàn của trường học hoặc dành cả tuần để cắm trại trong lều. Nhưng sinh viên chỉ phải trả khoảng 250 đô la cho các bữa ăn và phương tiện đi lại, ít hơn nhiều so với một số bạn cùng lứa tuổi của họ chi tiêu để đi du lịch đến các điểm du lịch nghỉ xuân truyền thống hơn.
Các chuyến đi thay thế vào kỳ nghỉ xuân dường như đang ngày càng phổ biến tại các trường đại học trên khắp Hoa Kỳ. Sinh viên nêu một số lý do tham gia. Một số đánh giá cao cơ hội giao lưu và gặp gỡ những người bạn mới. Những người khác muốn thực hiện niềm tin của họ về nghĩa vụ của con người trong việc phục vụ nhân loại và làm cho thế giới trở nên tốt đẹp hơn. Dù lý do của họ là gì, những sinh viên này đã phát hiện ra điều gì đó mang lại cho họ phần thưởng phong phú cùng với thời gian nghỉ học.
Giải thích:
Từ “them” trong đoạn 1 đề cập đến ____
A. bằng cấp
B. sinh viên
C. dự án
D. con người
Thông tin: Students who participate in alternative spring break projects find them very rewarding. (Những sinh viên tham gia vào các dự án thay thế cho kỳ nghỉ xuân nhận thấy chúng rất bổ ích.)
→ them = projects
Câu hỏi: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.
There has always been a problem with teachers being from a different generation to their pupils, particularly older educators. But the dominance of digital technology has spread that generation gap even wider, as young people become conversant with mobile digital devices, games and social media that didn’t exist when their teachers were growing up. Teachers now face pupils using devices and online systems that they don’t use themselves, and don’t really understand either. The generation gap is more prevalent than ever, but teachers can bridge that gap if they receive the right guidance with appropriate technology.
Some schools and teachers have particular trouble grasping the role of social media and mobile devices in teenage life. They consider Facebook a threat and warn parents against it at parent-teacher evenings, without realizing that preventing teenagers from using social media like this, or messaging apps such as Snapchat and Instagram, is nearly impossible. Online social media and network gaming are now such an integral part of teenage behavior that any attempt to prize the mobile devices out of the hands of young people is likely to widen the generation gap rather than narrow it.
The generation gap in education isn’t just between pupils and teachers – it exists within the staffroom, too. A teaching career can span more than 40 years, and those towards the end of their working life will not have grown up with digital technology, whereas teaching staff in their 20s and 30s could well be “digital natives”.
Keeping up with the latest online trend is like a dog chasing its tail; every time you think you’ve caught up, kids move on. However, it’s not beneficial to get fixated on how young people are using social networks that are, in the case of Snapchat, hard for the older generation to understand. The key factor to consider is that today’s school students now take for granted that a lot of their communication with their peers will be online, and predominantly using smartphones and other mobile devices. Young people expect their educational experience to be similarly interactive, and partially delivered via these kinds of devices.
(Adapted from https://www.alphr.com/)
The word “bridge” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______________.
-
form
-
connect
-
reduce
-
build
Câu hỏi: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.
Nepal has made important progress over the past few years to promote equality, but the country still has one of the highest rates of child marriage in the world. 41% of Nepalese girls are married before the age of 18.
Poverty is both a cause and consequence of child marriage in Nepal. Girls from the wealthiest families marry 2 years later than those from the poorest, who are seen as an economic burden, and who drop out of school and earn little money.
Food insecurity plays an important role too. Nepalese families that do not have enough food to eat are more likely to marry their daughters at a young age to decrease the financial burden. One study shows that 91% of people who had secure access to food married over the age of 19.
Dowry is also common practice in many communities. Parents marry their daughters as soon as possible because the money they have to pay to the groom’s family is higher if their daughter is older. Since 2010, the legal age of marriage is 20 for both men and women, or 18 with parental consent, according to the Nepalese Country Code.
The law states that punishment for child marriage is imprisonment for up to three years and a fine of up to 10,000 rupees (£102). But reports suggest that this law is rarely applied. There has been quite a lot of progress in Nepal over the past 3 years with a clear government commitment to ending child marriage and civil society cooperation. The Ministry of Women, Children and Social Welfare is currently developing Nepal’s first national strategy on child marriage in collaboration with UNICEF Nepal and Girls Not Brides Nepal. However, the post-earthquake and post-fuel crisis environment has meant progress is slow and the national strategy has been delayed.
(Adapted from
Girls Not Brides
Read our tribute to Archbishop Tutu, in celebration of his life and all he contributed to progressing gender equality and ending child marriage.
www.girlsnotbrides.org
)
According to paragraph 2, in Nepal, girls from needy families ________.
-
play an important role in bolstering their household finances
-
have to get married earlier than those are from affluent families
-
can get married two years later than those are from poor families
-
are forced to drop out of school because their parents have no money
Câu hỏi: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
Parentese, the exaggerated, drawn-out form of speech that people use to communicate with babies, apparently is universal and plays a vital role in helping infants to analyse and absorb the phonetic elements of their parents' language. An international study shows that infants are so good at analysing this speech that by the age of 20 weeks they are beginning to produce the three vowel sounds common to all human languages – "ee", "ah" and "uu".
"Parentese has a melody to it. And inside this melody is a tutorial for the baby that contains exceptionally well-formed versions of the building blocks of language", explains Patricia Kuhl, a University of Washington neuroscientist. The new study examined differences in how American, Russian and Swedish mothers speak to their infants and to other adults. The study shows that parentese is characterised by over-articulation that exaggerates the sounds contained in words. Mothers in the study were, in effect, sounding out "super-vowels" to help their infants learn the phonetic elements of language.
"In normal, everyday speech adults generally race along at a very fast pace", Kuhl says. But we know it is easier to understand a speaker when they stretch out sounds. That's why we tend to speak more slowly and carefully to increase understanding when we teach in the classroom or talk to strangers. We also do this unconsciously with babies, giving them an improved verbal signal they can capitalise on by slowing down and over articulating.
Which of the following best serves as the title for the passage?
-
Parentese and Standard Speech.
-
Parentese – A New Discovery in the field of Language.
-
Parentese – A Style of Speech for Babies.
-
How to Boost Babies' Language Development.
Câu hỏi: Mark the letter A, B, Cor D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines a pair of sentences in the following question.
Hans told US about his investing in the company. He did it on his arrival at the meeting.
-
Only after investing in the company did Hans inform US of his arrival at the meeting.
-
Not until Hans told US that he would invest in the company did he arrive at the meeting.
-
Hardly had he informed US about his investing in the company when Hans arrived at the meeting.
-
No sooner had Hans arrived at the meeting than he told US about his investing in the company.
Câu hỏi: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
Tim's encouraging words gave me ______ to undertake the task once again.
-
a point
-
an incentive
-
a job
-
a letter
Câu hỏi: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions.
It was not until the sun was shining brightly that the little girl woke up.
-
No sooner was the sun shining brightly than the little girl woke up.
-
Not until the little girl woke up was the sun shining brightly.
-
Not until the sun was shining brightly did the little girl wake up.
-
As soon as the little girl woke up, the sun hasn’t shone brightly yet.
-
degrees
-
students
-
projects
-
people
| TẠM DỊCH: For many American university students, the weeklong spring break holiday means an endless party on a sunny beach in Florida or Mexico. In Panama City Beach, Florida, a city with a permanent population of around 36,000, more than half a million university students arrive during the month of March to play and party, making it the number one spring break destination in the United States. A weeklong drinking binge is not for anyone, however, and a growing number of American university students have found a way to make spring break matter. For them, joining or leading a group of volunteers to travel locally or internationally and work to show problems such as poverty, homelessness, or environmental damage makes spring break a unique learning experience that university students can feel good about. Students who participate in alternative spring break projects find them very rewarding. While most university students have to get their degrees before they can start helping people, student volunteers are able to help people now. On the other hand, the accommodations are far from glamorous. Students often sleep on the floor of a school or spend the week camping in tents. But students only pay around $250 for meals and transportation, which is much less than some of their peers spend to travel to more traditional spring break hotspots. Alternative spring break trips appear to be growing in popularity at universities across the United States. Students cite a number of reasons for participating. Some appreciate the opportunity to socialize and meet new friends. Others want to exercise their beliefs about people's obligation to serve humanity and make the world a better place. Whatever their reason, these students have discovered something that gives them rich rewards along with a break from school work. |
Đối với nhiều sinh viên đại học Mỹ, kỳ nghỉ xuân kéo dài một tuần đồng nghĩa với một bữa tiệc bất tận trên bãi biển đầy nắng ở Florida hoặc Mexico. Tại Bãi biển Thành phố Panama, Florida, một thành phố với dân số thường trú khoảng 36.000 người, hơn nửa triệu sinh viên đại học đến đây trong tháng 3 để vui chơi và tiệc tùng, khiến nơi đây trở thành điểm đến kỳ nghỉ xuân số một ở Hoa Kỳ. Tuy nhiên, một cuộc nhậu nhẹt kéo dài một tuần không phải dành cho bất kỳ ai, và ngày càng nhiều sinh viên đại học Mỹ đã tìm ra cách để làm kỳ nghỉ xuân có ý nghĩa. Đối với họ, việc tham gia hoặc dẫn một nhóm tình nguyện viên đi du lịch trong nước hoặc quốc tế và làm việc để giải quyết các vấn đề như nghèo đói, vô gia cư hoặc hủy hoại môi trường khiến kỳ nghỉ xuân trở thành một trải nghiệm học tập độc đáo mà sinh viên đại học có thể cảm thấy hài lòng. Những sinh viên tham gia vào các dự án thay thế cho kỳ nghỉ xuân nhận thấy chúng rất bổ ích. Trong khi hầu hết sinh viên đại học phải lấy bằng cấp trước khi có thể bắt đầu giúp đỡ mọi người, thì hiện nay các tình nguyện viên là sinh viên có thể giúp đỡ mọi người. Mặt khác, các chỗ ở không hề hấp dẫn. Sinh viên thường ngủ trên sàn của trường học hoặc dành cả tuần để cắm trại trong lều. Nhưng sinh viên chỉ phải trả khoảng 250 đô la cho các bữa ăn và phương tiện đi lại, ít hơn nhiều so với một số bạn cùng lứa tuổi của họ chi tiêu để đi du lịch đến các điểm du lịch nghỉ xuân truyền thống hơn. Các chuyến đi thay thế vào kỳ nghỉ xuân dường như đang ngày càng phổ biến tại các trường đại học trên khắp Hoa Kỳ. Sinh viên nêu một số lý do tham gia. Một số đánh giá cao cơ hội giao lưu và gặp gỡ những người bạn mới. Những người khác muốn thực hiện niềm tin của họ về nghĩa vụ của con người trong việc phục vụ nhân loại và làm cho thế giới trở nên tốt đẹp hơn. Dù lý do của họ là gì, những sinh viên này đã phát hiện ra điều gì đó mang lại cho họ phần thưởng phong phú cùng với thời gian nghỉ học. |
Giải thích:
Từ “them” trong đoạn 1 đề cập đến ____
A. bằng cấp
B. sinh viên
C. dự án
D. con người
Thông tin: Students who participate in alternative spring break projects find them very rewarding. (Những sinh viên tham gia vào các dự án thay thế cho kỳ nghỉ xuân nhận thấy chúng rất bổ ích.)
→ them = projects
Câu hỏi: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.
There has always been a problem with teachers being from a different generation to their pupils, particularly older educators. But the dominance of digital technology has spread that generation gap even wider, as young people become conversant with mobile digital devices, games and social media that didn’t exist when their teachers were growing up. Teachers now face pupils using devices and online systems that they don’t use themselves, and don’t really understand either. The generation gap is more prevalent than ever, but teachers can bridge that gap if they receive the right guidance with appropriate technology.
Some schools and teachers have particular trouble grasping the role of social media and mobile devices in teenage life. They consider Facebook a threat and warn parents against it at parent-teacher evenings, without realizing that preventing teenagers from using social media like this, or messaging apps such as Snapchat and Instagram, is nearly impossible. Online social media and network gaming are now such an integral part of teenage behavior that any attempt to prize the mobile devices out of the hands of young people is likely to widen the generation gap rather than narrow it.
The generation gap in education isn’t just between pupils and teachers – it exists within the staffroom, too. A teaching career can span more than 40 years, and those towards the end of their working life will not have grown up with digital technology, whereas teaching staff in their 20s and 30s could well be “digital natives”.
Keeping up with the latest online trend is like a dog chasing its tail; every time you think you’ve caught up, kids move on. However, it’s not beneficial to get fixated on how young people are using social networks that are, in the case of Snapchat, hard for the older generation to understand. The key factor to consider is that today’s school students now take for granted that a lot of their communication with their peers will be online, and predominantly using smartphones and other mobile devices. Young people expect their educational experience to be similarly interactive, and partially delivered via these kinds of devices.
(Adapted from https://www.alphr.com/)
The word “bridge” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______________.
-
form
-
connect
-
reduce
-
build
-
form
-
connect
-
reduce
-
build
Câu hỏi: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.
Nepal has made important progress over the past few years to promote equality, but the country still has one of the highest rates of child marriage in the world. 41% of Nepalese girls are married before the age of 18.
Poverty is both a cause and consequence of child marriage in Nepal. Girls from the wealthiest families marry 2 years later than those from the poorest, who are seen as an economic burden, and who drop out of school and earn little money.
Food insecurity plays an important role too. Nepalese families that do not have enough food to eat are more likely to marry their daughters at a young age to decrease the financial burden. One study shows that 91% of people who had secure access to food married over the age of 19.
Dowry is also common practice in many communities. Parents marry their daughters as soon as possible because the money they have to pay to the groom’s family is higher if their daughter is older. Since 2010, the legal age of marriage is 20 for both men and women, or 18 with parental consent, according to the Nepalese Country Code.
The law states that punishment for child marriage is imprisonment for up to three years and a fine of up to 10,000 rupees (£102). But reports suggest that this law is rarely applied. There has been quite a lot of progress in Nepal over the past 3 years with a clear government commitment to ending child marriage and civil society cooperation. The Ministry of Women, Children and Social Welfare is currently developing Nepal’s first national strategy on child marriage in collaboration with UNICEF Nepal and Girls Not Brides Nepal. However, the post-earthquake and post-fuel crisis environment has meant progress is slow and the national strategy has been delayed.
(Adapted from
Girls Not Brides
Read our tribute to Archbishop Tutu, in celebration of his life and all he contributed to progressing gender equality and ending child marriage.
www.girlsnotbrides.org
)
According to paragraph 2, in Nepal, girls from needy families ________.
-
play an important role in bolstering their household finances
-
have to get married earlier than those are from affluent families
-
can get married two years later than those are from poor families
-
are forced to drop out of school because their parents have no money
Girls Not Brides
Read our tribute to Archbishop Tutu, in celebration of his life and all he contributed to progressing gender equality and ending child marriage.
www.girlsnotbrides.org
According to paragraph 2, in Nepal, girls from needy families ________.
-
play an important role in bolstering their household finances
-
have to get married earlier than those are from affluent families
-
can get married two years later than those are from poor families
-
are forced to drop out of school because their parents have no money
Câu hỏi: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
Parentese, the exaggerated, drawn-out form of speech that people use to communicate with babies, apparently is universal and plays a vital role in helping infants to analyse and absorb the phonetic elements of their parents' language. An international study shows that infants are so good at analysing this speech that by the age of 20 weeks they are beginning to produce the three vowel sounds common to all human languages – "ee", "ah" and "uu".
"Parentese has a melody to it. And inside this melody is a tutorial for the baby that contains exceptionally well-formed versions of the building blocks of language", explains Patricia Kuhl, a University of Washington neuroscientist. The new study examined differences in how American, Russian and Swedish mothers speak to their infants and to other adults. The study shows that parentese is characterised by over-articulation that exaggerates the sounds contained in words. Mothers in the study were, in effect, sounding out "super-vowels" to help their infants learn the phonetic elements of language.
"In normal, everyday speech adults generally race along at a very fast pace", Kuhl says. But we know it is easier to understand a speaker when they stretch out sounds. That's why we tend to speak more slowly and carefully to increase understanding when we teach in the classroom or talk to strangers. We also do this unconsciously with babies, giving them an improved verbal signal they can capitalise on by slowing down and over articulating.
Which of the following best serves as the title for the passage?
-
Parentese and Standard Speech.
-
Parentese – A New Discovery in the field of Language.
-
Parentese – A Style of Speech for Babies.
-
How to Boost Babies' Language Development.
-
Parentese and Standard Speech.
-
Parentese – A New Discovery in the field of Language.
-
Parentese – A Style of Speech for Babies.
-
How to Boost Babies' Language Development.
Câu hỏi: Mark the letter A, B, Cor D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines a pair of sentences in the following question.
Hans told US about his investing in the company. He did it on his arrival at the meeting.
-
Only after investing in the company did Hans inform US of his arrival at the meeting.
-
Not until Hans told US that he would invest in the company did he arrive at the meeting.
-
Hardly had he informed US about his investing in the company when Hans arrived at the meeting.
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No sooner had Hans arrived at the meeting than he told US about his investing in the company.
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Only after investing in the company did Hans inform US of his arrival at the meeting.
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Not until Hans told US that he would invest in the company did he arrive at the meeting.
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Hardly had he informed US about his investing in the company when Hans arrived at the meeting.
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No sooner had Hans arrived at the meeting than he told US about his investing in the company.
Câu hỏi: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
Tim's encouraging words gave me ______ to undertake the task once again.
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a point
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an incentive
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a job
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a letter
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a point
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an incentive
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a job
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a letter
Câu hỏi: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions.
It was not until the sun was shining brightly that the little girl woke up.
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No sooner was the sun shining brightly than the little girl woke up.
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Not until the little girl woke up was the sun shining brightly.
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Not until the sun was shining brightly did the little girl wake up.
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As soon as the little girl woke up, the sun hasn’t shone brightly yet.
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No sooner was the sun shining brightly than the little girl woke up.
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Not until the little girl woke up was the sun shining brightly.
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Not until the sun was shining brightly did the little girl wake up.
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As soon as the little girl woke up, the sun hasn’t shone brightly yet.
